兒童：

• 注意力不足/過動症(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
• 對立反抗症(Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
• 行為規範障礙症(Conduct Disorder)
• 自閉症類群障礙症(Autism Spectrum Disorder)
• 妥瑞氏症(Tourettes Syndrome)
• 智能不足(Intellectual Disabilities)(智能發展障礙症:Intellectual Developmental Disorder)

生理依據；

Perry etc 說法：
sympathetic tone:
“fight or fright” arousal continuum
trait -> cortisol -> HYPERAROUSAL -> ADHD

parasympathetic tone:

“freeze or surrender” response  dissociative continuum.  
Decrease movement, decrease attention
Learning disabilities, memory problems., behavior problems